Other groups of orchids reward pollinators in a different way, producing oils, nectar, resin, wax, and fragrances. About one-third of its representatives deceive pollinators through sexual or food deception. The flagship example of the unusual diversity of flowers and equally differentiated pollination mechanisms is Orchidaceae, which is one of the biggest families among flowering plants. Pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits is well documented, and adaptation of plants to the most effective pollinators drives the evolution of pollination syndromes. The main parts of these strategies are flower traits (the size, shape, color, scent, and nectar) adapted to a given pollinator or their whole group. Plants dependent on animals in the pollination process evolved different strategies to attract pollinators, thereby increasing reproductive success. Among soil parameters, carbon and carbon:nitrogen ratio seems to be the most important in shaping flower structure and nectar chemistry. Nectar was dominated by glucose, fructose, and included 28 AAs (Ala and Glu have the highest content). PR was high and similar in all populations in both years, while FRS was lower and varied among populations. In particular populations, different traits were under selection. Variation of flower structure and nectar chemistry and their weak correlation with RS confirms the generalistic character of N. Data were analyzed using multiple statistical methods (boxplots, ternary plot, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and PCA). The sugars and amino acids (AAs) were analyzed using the HPLC method. In 2019вЂ“2020, we measured three floral displays and six flower traits, pollinaria removal (PR), female reproductive success (FRS), and determined the soil properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test selection on flower morphology and nectar chemistry in the generalistic orchid Neottia ovata. The importance of nectar properties is less studied, despite its significance in pollination effectiveness. In the context of RS, mainly the role of flower morphology is touched.

Plant-pollinator interactions significantly influence reproductive success (RS) and drive the evolution of pollination syndromes.

Nectar flower